Amos was a sheep rancher in Judah whom God sent to neighboring Israel, where he denounced the sins of that kingdom. His indictment of Israel charged the people with turning from God, exploiting the poor, and committing gross immorality. The preaching of Amos was characterized by striking visions of coming judgment, and by a blunt portrayal of the social sins that made the prosperous era of Jeroboam II so corrupt. Through Amos’ preaching we gain insight into God’s concern for social justice, and into the responsibility of God’s own to speak for the poor. As other Old Testament prophetic works, the Book of Amos concludes on a note of promise. Sin must be punished. But afterward a chastened and purified Israel will be restored.
“What the locust swarm has left the great locusts have eaten; what the great locusts have left the young locusts have eaten; what the young locusts have left other locusts have eaten” (Joel 1:4).Natural disasters in Israel and Judah were typically viewed in the Old Testament as God’s judgments. Joel raised an important question for us to answer: what should our response to personal disasters be?
Background
Locusts.
Throughout recorded history Africa and the Middle East have been plagued by swarms of these grasshopper—like flying insects. Even in the 1900s swarms so great that they blocked out the sun have been reported. When a flying swarm of millions upon millions of insects lands, they eat every green plant, leaving the land utterly desolate. Even worse, they often lay eggs before they move on, and just as new plants begin to sprout locust larvae attack the recovering vegetation. For a people like the ancient Israelites, whose livelihood depended on agriculture, a locust plague threatened existence itself. Just such an invasion of flying locusts, far worse than any in living memory (1:2–3), devastated Judah in Joel’s day. The prophet interpreted that event as a divine judgment, and called on the people of Judah to repent. But even more, the utter devastation caused by the locusts stimulated a prophetic vision of devastation to be caused by invading armies at history’s end, when the Day of the Lord finally comes.
Overview
A locust swarm that devastated Judah (1:1–12) moved Joel to utter a call for national repentance (vv. 13–20). The disaster prefigured the “Day of the Lord” (2:1–11), and made return to God urgent (vv. 12–17). Yet when that day comes God will save His people, and bless them afterward (vv. 18–32). God will judge hostile nations then (3:1–16), and Judah will know God’s pardon (vv. 17–21).
Understanding the Text
“Has anything like this happened in your days?” Joel 1:1–4 It’s typical of folks today to think that things “just happen.” A personal tragedy is only “bad luck” that “could have happened to anyone.” The same attitude was all too typical among some in ancient Judah. But when an enormous swarm of locusts devastated Judah, the Prophet Joel cried out, “Think!” This is the force of his question, “Has anything like this ever happened in your days or in the days of your forefathers?” Sometimes things happen that are so terrible we can’t dismiss them as mere chance. Underlying Joel’s cry was the conviction that God is in control of events in this world. When disaster strikes, an appropriate response is not to shrug and say, “Bad luck,” but to examine our hearts, and to see if perhaps God is crying out for our attention. “Wake up, you drunkards, and weep!” Joel 1:5–12 There’s nothing so frustrating to a parent as indifference. You try to reach your kids, you confront, discipline, even yell. And rather than repentance, or even rebellion, there’s simply the shrug of a shoulder and a muttered, “Oh, well.” That’s what frustrated Joel and the Lord about Judah’s response to the locust plague. They didn’t cry out. They didn’t make a fuss. They just sat around drinking their wine, shrugging their shoulders, and saying, “Oh, well.” How does God want us to respond when we are disciplined? First of all we need to wake up and weep! (v. 5) Discipline is designed to get our attention and to turn us back to the Lord, not just to make us hurt. Waking up and weeping is often the first indication that we’ve begun to pay attention to God’s message. The prophet added more verbs to portray an appropriate reaction to divine discipline. We mourn (v. 8). We feel a sense of despair and grief (v. 11). These emotions are not pleasant, but they are profitable. They show that we’re taking events to heart. A godly sorrow, according to the New Testament, can lead us to repentance (2 Cor. 7:10). “Put on sackcloth, O priests, and mourn’ Joel 1:13–20. Joel called on the religious leaders of his day to serve as examples of how to respond to the national disaster. They were to first personally put on sackcloth—rough garments worn to indicate grief and sorrow—and spend the night in prayer (v. 13). Then they were to utter a call for a national day of prayer, when all would appeal to the Lord (v. 14). As terrible as the locust plague had been, it was only a preview of the terrors of the approaching Day of the Lord. Clearly the clergy of Joel’s day failed to interpret the locust plague correctly. They themselves did not repent and they called for no national return to the Lord. What happens when the clergy are insensitive to the Lord? Just after the locust plague, God raised up another messenger, Joel, who was sensitive to Him! You and I needn’t wait for clergy to take the lead when our own hearts are grieved, or when we feel a burden for our land. What we do need to do is take the situation to heart and express our own grief and sorrow to the Lord. Then, like Joel, we need to speak out! “For the Day of the Lord is coming” Joel 2:1–11. The phrase, “Day of the Lord,” is a technical term in biblical literature. It can be used to describe any time when God acts directly in history. But it’s primary reference in prophecy is to events destined to take place in the years just preceding history’s end. Those years are both dark and bright. They are dark in that they introduce a time of worldwide tribulation, and especially a devastating invasion of Israel that causes intense suffering for the Jewish people. They are bright because they end with the surviving remnant of Israel restored to intimate relationship with God, and endlessly blessed by Him. Here however Joel focuses our attention on the dark face of the Day of the Lord. He sees it as “a day of darkness and gloom, a day of clouds and blackness” (v. 2). An invading army, like the locust plague, would leave the land a waste and overrun every defense. Most awful of all, Joel pictured God on the side of the invaders (v. 11), using them as His instrument to punish His own people. No wonder Joel cried, “The Day of the Lord is great; it is dreadful. Who can endure it?” (v. 11) All such Old Testament passages remind humankind that God has fixed a day for final judgment. And that judgment day is rapidly approaching. Yet no matter how vivid the images of its terrors, most humans remain indifferent. Most of us simply don’t want to deal with uncomfortable things until we have to. What Joel was telling Judah was that God’s time for them was just around the corner of tomorrow. And the moment to deal with that very real and present danger had come! This is what the Gospel tells us too. Each individual must face God the Judge, and the time to make peace with God is now, not then! Why wait to welcome Christ into our lives and receive His forgiveness? Tomorrow may be too late. “Even now . . . return to Me with all your heart” Joel 2:12–17. I don’t know how she got my Phoenix, Arizona phone number. But I began to receive calls from her, from Toronto, Canada. She was tormented with the fear that God wouldn’t accept her. What she had done seemed so terrible to her that she feared it was too late. Joel’s message to Judah was the same as Jesus Christ’s message to us today. It’s not too late. “Even now” reminds us that as long as it is called “today,” a person can turn to God and find pardon. Joel, however, warned Judah that God is not interested in any superficial religious experience. It’s not raising a hand, or walking down an aisle, or promising to give up drink. Joel said, “Rend your heart and not your garments” (v. 13). In biblical times people often tore their clothing to express grief or sorrow. Joel cried that any turning to the Lord must be heartfelt and real. What can we expect if we truly turn to God? We can expect Him to act in character! He will welcome us, “For He is gracious and compassionate, slow to anger and abounding in love” (v. 13). “The Lord will . . . take pity on His people” Joel 2:18–27. The generation that lives at history’s end will repent at last. What is destined for them is an illustration of what you and I can expect when we turn to the Lord. First, God will provide for us, meeting our basic needs (v. 19). Second, God will save us from our enemies (vv. 20–21). Third, He will pour out so many blessings that the hard times we have experienced will seem nothing in comparison—we will be fully repaid (v. 25). Seeing God’s hand in all this, we will praise and bless the Lord, for we will know by experience that God is present, and that He is our God (vv. 26–27). (See DEVOTIONAL.) “Afterward, I will pour out My Spirit” Joel 2:28–32. The primary focus of this promise is on the aftermath of the Day of the Lord. God will then bless all Israel, from child to adult, by pouring out His Spirit on everyone. In Old Testament times the Spirit was given to equip a believer for some specific task or ministry. Now Joel foresaw a time when the Spirit will be poured out on all Israel and Judah. That event, after the judgments of the Day of the Lord, will be linked at history’s end with various signs in the heavens and on earth. But how, if Joel viewed the outpouring of the Spirit as something destined for Israel, and located it at history’s end, could Peter explain events of the Day of Pentecost as “what was spoken by the Prophet Joel”? (Acts 2:16) In the same way that the locust plague foreshadowed the ultimate Day of the Lord, so events at Pentecost foreshadowed the ultimate outpouring of the Spirit. Today you and I possess, with Jesus, the gift of the Holy Spirit. With and in Him we have a rich taste of the ultimate blessing to be given all by our loving God. “I will gather all nations” Joel 3:1–16. The picture of the end given in Joel harmonizes with the picture found in other Old Testament prophets. God will stir up mankind’s natural hostility toward Him and His people. Those who have been enemies of the Lord’s chosen people will again invade. God will let them come, a great horde, and then, when they seem about to triumph, the Lord will judge the nations on every side. “The mountains will drip new wine” Joel 3:17–21. The little Book of Joel closes with the promise of blessedness. The enemies of Israel and Judah will be punished, the people of God will again be holy, and God’s pardoned people will live forever in His presence. The journey we are on may be long and hard. But our destination is glorious.
DEVOTIONAL
The Years the Locusts Have Eaten(Joel 2)
For months she cried every night. Lying alone, her tears soaking the pillow, she sobbed out her “why?” They’d been married for eight years, and she was three months pregnant with their daughter, when her husband just left. He couldn’t stand being tied down anymore, he told her. And so he left her, with a two-and-a-half-year-old son and pregnant. It was so hard, trying to deal with her loneliness, her doubts, her questions of, “What did I do?” and most terrible of all, “What will happen to me now?” She had to live with these questions not for days, or weeks, or even months, but for years. Joel’s warning to Judah of the coming Day of the Lord challenged God’s people to repent and turn to God for healing. The chapter presupposes a people who have turned away from God, and who need to “return to Me with all your heart” (v. 12). There had been years of devastation. But Joel promised even God’s rebellious people that the Lord has good in mind for them. Despite years of devastation, it is within the power of a loving God to “repay you for the years the locusts have eaten.” Today the young woman who cried herself to sleep so many nights is married again, to a husband who loves her. She loves her job teaching, and delights in the times she shares with her daughter, who is now nine. Life is good, and she’s proven that God’s promise to “repay you for the years the locusts have eaten” can be claimed even by those who never departed from Him, and whose suffering was something other than punishment for sin.
Personal Application
Hold on to God’s promise to repay, no matter however long your suffering lasts.
Quotable
“My Good Shepherd, who has shown Your very gentle mercy to us unworthy sinners in various physical pains and sufferings, give grace and strength to me, Your little lamb, that in no tribulation or anguish or pain may I turn away from You.”—Francis of Assisi
Joel’s vivid and passionate prophecy was stimulated by a terrible infestation of locusts that destroyed Judah’s crops. Joel saw the disaster not only as a contemporary judgment, but as an event prefiguring a coming “Day of the Lord” at history’s end. In powerful words and images Joel portrayed the Sovereign God who will surely judge the sinful. God’s people must repent from the heart to escape imminent disaster.
“I will heal their waywardness and love them freely, for My anger has turned away from them. I will be like the dew to Israel; he will blossom like a lily” (Hosea 14:4–5).There are few passages of Scripture that approach Hosea 11–14’s emotional expressions of God’s love. As we hear His cry, “How can I give you up, Ephraim?” we sense the depths of God’s great love for you and me.
Overview
God’s love is seen against the background of Israel’s rebellion (11:1–7). In the last days God will restore Israel (vv. 8–11) despite her folly (v. 12, 12:14). Israel fell into sin (13:1–16), but will return to God and be blessed (14:1–9).
Understanding the Text
“When Israel was a child” Hosea 11:1–7.
Hosea now pictured God’s relationship with Israel as that of a parent with a toddler. The child runs off; is brought back; runs off again, only to stumble and hurt its knee; is ministered to gently by its parent; and runs off again, completely unaware of the love shown by the parent whose guidance it ignores. What an image: God, “bent down to feed them,” and His people “determined to turn from Me.” Hundreds of years had passed, and Israel still had not learned. Israel’s refusal to repent meant that “swords will flash in their cities.” How many people who have an image of the Lord as a loving God cannot grasp the fact that true love must seek the best for its object? A God of love will punish, even as a wise parent will punish a child who continually goes astray. “How can I give you up?” Hosea 11:8–11 Unlike human beings, who are dominated by strong emotions when these emotions are aroused, the Lord is “God, and not man.” Despite His justified anger against sinning Israel, He also felt compassion. God will be true to His love for Israel. One day He will roar like a lion calling back its cubs to the safety of the den. “According to his ways” Hosea 11:12–12:14. It was not God who had brought the coming punishment on Israel. It was the people themselves. What had Israel done to bring judgment down on her? God’s people had “surrounded Me with lies” and been “unruly against God.” God’s people had multiplied “lies and violence.” God’s people had failed to “maintain love and justice.” God’s people used “dishonest scales” and love “to defraud.” All this had bitterly provoked God to anger. “His Lord will leave upon him the guilt of his bloodshed and will repay him for his contempt.” The passage, however, leaves Israel and us an example to follow. The man Israel, then known by the name of Jacob, “as a man he struggled with God” (v. 3). The allusion is to Jacob’s experience at Bethel, where he wrestled with the Angel of the Lord in a desperate struggle to obtain His blessing (cf. Gen. 32:25–29). Jacob did prevail, and won God’s blessing. The forefather is thus held up as an example for contemporary Israel, to illustrate the intensity with which they must struggle to be blessed. What does that struggle involve? In Hosea’s time or our own, to win the blessing of God we must “return to your God; maintain love and justice, and wait for your God always.” “I will come upon them like a lion” Hosea 13:1–16. Rather than struggle to obtain God’s blessing, the people of Israel had thrown themselves eagerly into the pursuit of sin. Their craftsmen developed “cleverly fashioned idols,” and they “offer[ed] human sacrifice.” And this despite all God had done for them. This people without gratitude, who had experienced God’s kindness (vv. 4–7) would now experience Him in a different way. “I will come upon them like a lion,” the Lord said (v. 7). “I will destroy you” (v. 9). “I will have no compassion” (v. 14). Yet even when pronouncing judgment the Lord cannot resist a word of comfort. “I will ransom them from the power of the grave; I will redeem them from death” (v. 14). If you should happen to feel the lash of God’s discipline, remember this chapter of Hosea. The One who acts to destroy is also the One who ransoms. We can turn back to Him confidently, for He will welcome us home. “Say to him” Hosea 14:1–3. Again and again the Old Testament shows us how to approach God after we have sinned. Here the prescription is repeated: Come asking forgiveness. Come trusting in Him only. “I will heal their waywardness” Hosea 14:4. God tells us in advance how He will respond to such an appeal. He will deal with our waywardness and love us freely. He will do more than forgive. God will transform us, so that His anger may be permanently turned away. “He will blossom like a lily” Hosea 14:5–9. Using images from agriculture, the Lord foresaw a time when Israel will again flourish in her land. Her idols put forever away, Israel will again enjoy the blessing of God. The book closes with a question. “Who is wise? He will realize these things. Who is discerning? He will understand them. The ways of the Lord are right; the righteous walk in them, but the rebellious stumble in them.”
DEVOTIONAL
Never Alone (Hosea 11)
The man was bitter. Life had been unfair to him. He had been abused as a child. Not particularly gifted, he did poorly in school, and had difficulty finding a good job. Though a Christian now, married and with children, he often felt frustrated and angry. A wise counselor opened the Bible to this chapter of Hosea. In verses 1–3 the hurting believer saw that though God’s people hadn’t been aware of it, all through their life as a nation God had been there. God had taken them by the arm, and they hadn’t felt His touch. God led them gently, the leash woven of love. God’s hand lifted burdens from their neck, and He Himself bent over to feed them. The counseler showed him in verses 8 and 9 that God had felt every hurt, and that His heart had surged with compassion at Israel’s suffering, even though it was deserved. And the counselor showed him in verse 11 that even the most vulnerable of beings will come, trembling, when God calls, only to be settled safely in his home. And then the counselor asked the embittered Christian to close his eyes, and to relive those experiences that caused him so much pain. But this time he was to imagine God in each situation. He was to sense God beside him, and that the Lord was bringing him safely through. He was to sense God touching, and healing, every pain. He was to feel God lifting his burdens, and bending down to sustain him when he was ready to collapse in his weakness. With eyes closed, the man did relive his experiences, and consciously invited the God of Hosea 11 to relive them with him. God had been there all the time! And as he became aware of that fact, and let himself feel God’s loving touch, his bitterness was healed and his pain gave way to peace and joy.
Personal Application
The God of Hosea 11 has been with you all your life. Invite Him to heal your own memories, and cleanse you of bitterness and pain.
Quotable
“The happiest, sweetest, tenderest hearts are not those where there has been no sorrow, but those which have been overshadowed with grief, and where Christ’s comfort was accepted. The very memory of the sorrow is a gentle benediction that broods over the household, like the silence that comes after prayer. There is a blessing sent from God in every burden of sorrow.”—J.R. Miller
“My God will reject them because they have not obeyed Him; they will be wanderers among the nations” (Hosea 9:17).Punishment must fit the crime. Here the various crimes that led to Israel’s exile are described, along with predictions of that fast-approaching judgment.
Background
Exile.
When Moses gave Israel her Law at the time of the Exodus, he included a catalog of the blessings that would be granted if God’s people obeyed—and a catalog of punishments to be imposed if Israel rebelled and sinned. Each catalog is found in Deuteronomy 28, with the “curses” for disobedience listed in verses 15–68. These curses, or punishments, are of increasing severity. The intent is that the people would turn back to God after light discipline. But if they persisted in sinning, increasingly heavy penalties would be imposed, each with the intent of bringing about repentance and renewal. By Hosea’s time Israel had experienced all the lesser consequences of their sin. All that remained for God to do was impose the penalty stated in verses 63–66. Reading those verses helps us understand the horror of the judgment about to befall Hosea’s Israel—and helps us realize that God had done everything possible to avoid its necessity. This judgment, exile from the land, was about to fall on a nation that had been warned for generations, by the written Word, by prophet messengers, and by persistent discipline. How dangerous it is not to heed God’s warnings. We should welcome warnings, for they are intended to spare us much pain.
Overview
Israel’s disastrous domestic (7:1–7), foreign (vv. 8–16), and religious (8:1–14) practices demanded punishment. Israel would be taken captive (9:1–9), her glory fled away (vv. 10–17). Wicked Israel would be punished for her sin (10:1–15).
Understanding the Text
“The crimes of Samaria revealed” Hosea 7:1–7.
National character is reflected in national leadership. In Samaria, the capital of Israel, the kings delighted in the wickedness of others—and became their victims. The image of the hot oven stands for the inflamed passions of those who conspired against Israel’s rulers, approaching them with intrigue while intent on “devouring” them. The crimes are “revealed,” for all in Israel would be aware of the fall of kings (v. 7). But what specifically was Hosea talking about here? During Hosea’s own lifetime four of Israel’s rulers were assassinated and replaced by their killers! Zechariah by Shallum (2 Kings 15:10), Shallum by Menahem (v. 14), Pekahiah by Pekah (v. 25), and Pekah by Hoshea (v. 30). This ruinous domestic situation undermined any rule of law, and demonstrated the corrupt state of the nation. I’m disturbed by the multitude of recent revelations of crime by our leaders in Washington. A Republican congressman was sentenced for perjury—for lying about seeking a loan from an individual who told him it was drug laundering money. A homosexual Democratic congressman admitted hiring a male prostitute, and later employing him on his staff. Respected high officials have been accused of using influence to obtain millions of HUD dollars for clients who then defrauded the government and, more reprehensible, the poor. So God’s warnings in these chapters have a timely ring. “Whenever I would heal Israel,” He said, “the sins of Ephraim are exposed and the crimes of Samaria are revealed.” Our nation needs spiritual healing today. As each layer of bandages covering our wounds is unwound, more and more sins and crimes are revealed. We must face the fact that if national disaster is to be avoided, we Christians must repent—and pray. “A flat cake not turned over” Hosea 7:8–16. My wife tells me I’m strange, but I like gooey pancakes. You know: pancakes that aren’t quite cooked through, with raw dough inside. Apparently God doesn’t share my taste. The image in this verse, used to describe Israel, is that of a flat cake of bread cooked on one side by being plastered against the outside of a hot clay oven—but never turned over so it can cook on the other side. One side is done, the other is raw dough and, by implication, worthless. What had made Israel worthless in God’s sight? Hosea looked at the nation’s mode of responding to danger. Like a frightened and senseless bird, scurrying first one way and then the other, Israel looked to first Egypt, then Assyria, for help (v. 11). But Israel never looked up, where the Most High resides (v. 16). Instead the people rejected His ways and spoke against Him (v. 13). When we face danger, let’s remember that we too have wings, and can fly. In looking up, and coming to God in prayer, we will find all the help we require. “But Israel has rejected what is good” Hosea 8:1–14. It’s fine to say, “O our God, we acknowledge You.” But again Hosea confronted Israel with her hypocrisy. First, a person who truly acknowledges God will not reject what is good. Morality and a genuine faith go hand in hand, and can never be separated. Second, the chapter again and again points out the fact that Israel’s religion was humanistic. That is, Israel’s religious practices were not based on God’s revelation of His will and His ways, but on the Israelites’ own ideas of how to please God. They acknowledged God—but set up calf-idols at the worship centers dedicated to Him (vv. 4–6), in clear violation of His revealed will. Their multiplied “altars for sin offerings” have “become altars for sinning” (v. 11). Humanistic religion always bears this same mark. Revelation is ignored, and God’s express commands are pushed aside, to be replaced by the notions of men. People today too may cry, “O our God, we acknowledge You!” But unless that “worship” is in accord with biblical revelation, it is worse than meaningless. “Ephraim will return to Egypt” Hosea 9:1–4. Here, as frequently in other passages, “Egypt” represents exile and slavery. But this time the Israelites would “eat unclean food in Assyria” (v. 3). They would go north, not south. Yet the experience would be the same. If you or I were to be cut off from God, it would make no difference whether we settled in the north, the south, the east, or the west. Any place in which we were isolated from the Lord would be exile, and even the most comfortable of circumstances would be slavery. “The prophet is considered a fool” Hosea 9:5–9. Rejection of God’s message, and ridicule of His messengers, is an indication of hostility toward God Himself (v. 7b). The Israelites in Hosea’s day did not like the message that “the days of punishment are coming, the days of reckoning are at hand” (v. 7). There are parts of Scripture that you or I may not like, either. But this passage reminds us that the less we like a particular truth, the more we need to heed it! It’s essential to guard against the repressed hostility that corrupted Israel’s relationship with the Lord. “Ephraim’s glory will fly away like a bird” Hosea 9:10–17. It’s so easy to assume that conditions are permanent. We get depressed when things go badly, and feel that things will never get better. And we tend to become complacent when things go well, assuming that the bad times are over for good. Things were going well in the days of Jeroboam II when Hosea preached his message of judgment. People not only didn’t like what Hosea said, they scoffed at him. How could prosperous and powerful Israel suffer such a fall? Yet within 30 years of Jeroboam II’s death, while Hosea yet lived, everything that Israel counted on flew out the window! Her glory did “fly away like a bird,” and God’s word of judgment came absolutely true: “I will bereave them. . . . Woe to them. . . . I will drive them out of My house.” What has been, and what is, is no basis for confidence concerning what will be. We must expect our world to change—even to come falling down on our heads. We must place our confidence in God alone.
DEVOTIONAL
Sow Righteousness(Hosea 10)
I like bumper stickers. There are some I wouldn’t want on my car. But I don’t mind the one my wife attached to my van: “Fishing isn’t a matter of life or death. It’s more important than that.” I don’t even mind the one that says, “If you can read this, you’re too close!” And I like many of the Christian bumper stickers I’ve seen—except when the person who has them plastered on his back bumper speeds up to cut me off as I put on my turn signal to change lanes on busy Highway 19. It might have been good if in Hosea’s time they had chariot stickers, or cart stickers, or donkey stickers. Hosea 10 suggests a few possibilities. How about “Idol is as idol does—nothing” (vv. 5–9). Or, “Don’t look back. Your sin’s catching up with you” (vv. 9–10). Or “Don’t like the harvest? Then watch what you plant” (v. 15). Or maybe “We’re strong enough to fail” (v. 13). I don’t suppose such stickers would have done much good. Some wag would have found a way to turn them around, like the stickers countering Campus Crusade’s “I found it” campaign with bumper signs that proclaimed, “I lost it. Give it back!” But there’s one bumper sticker in Hosea 10 we all ought to place prominently, where we can see it daily. That one? “Sow for yourselves righteousness, reap the fruit of unfailing love” (v. 12).
Personal Application
It’s not just a saying, it’s a fact. We do reap what we sow.
Quotable
“Some people sow wild oats during the week and then slip into church on Sunday to pray for crop failure.”—Rex Humbard
This is my personal collection of thoughts and writings, mainly from much smarter people than I, which challenge me in my discipleship walk. Don't rush by these thoughts, but ponder them.
Milo 